In soil mechanics, No matter what you are calculating whether it's bearing capacity of soil or stresses in soil, you encounter with a term 'Density of soil'. The density of soil is used in calculating the stresses in soil, Earth pressure beyond the Retaining wall, Dam, Embankment and Estimation of soil settlement under structural loads. It is also used in Field Compaction of soil and in many other method.
In simple language, we can defined Density of soil as ratio of Mass of soil to Volume of that soil (Mass per unit volume of soil).
Density, γ= W/V
γ= mass density of soil
W= weight of soil
V= volume of soil
For dry density we know,
For calculating the density of soil, there are number of field test. From which, we are going to discuss Core Cutter method.
In simple language, we can defined Density of soil as ratio of Mass of soil to Volume of that soil (Mass per unit volume of soil).
Density, γ= W/V
γ= mass density of soil
W= weight of soil
V= volume of soil
For dry density we know,
where w= water content
For calculating the density of soil, there are number of field test. From which, we are going to discuss Core Cutter method.
Apparatus
- Cylindrical core cutter (height=12.7 cm & internal dia= 10 cm)
- Steel Rammer
- Steel dolly (height= 2.5 cm & dia= 10 cm)
- Spade
- Balance
- Oven
- Knife
Procedure
- Measure the height and internal diameter with the help of scale.
- Weigh the core cutter.
- Clean and level the place where test is going to be conducted.
- Place the core cutter cylinder on the level surface and then place the steel dolly above the core cutter.
- Press the core cutter (with dolly) into soil with the help of rammer till only 1-1.5 cm of dolly remains above the surface.
- Remove the soil around the core cutter by spade with disturbing the soil sample and lift the core cutter.
- Trim the upper and bottom surface of soil sample.
- Weigh the soil sample with core cutter.
- Extract the soil sample from core cutter and find the water content of soil.
Calculations and Observations
S.no.
|
Observation
and Calculations
|
Readings
|
1
|
Diameter
of Core cutter (Internal) (d)
|
|
2
|
Height
of Core cutter (h)
|
|
3
|
Volume
of Core cutter (V)
|
|
4
|
Mass
of empty core cutter (M1)
|
|
5
|
Mass
of Core Cutter + Soil sample (M2)
|
|
6
|
Mass
of Soil (M3 = M2 - M1)
|
|
7
|
Natural
Density of Soil (γ)
|
|
8
|
Water
Content (w)
|
|
9
|
Dry
Density of Soil (γ)
|
For dry density, we can use the above mentioned formula.
Result
The dry density of soil=________ g/cm3.
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